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The refractive laser surgery consists of the correction of refractive defects (myopia, farsightedness and / or astigmatism) through a precise molding of the patient's cornea with the Excimer laser.
When the laser strikes the cornea selectively removes layers, allowing a sculpting of the cornea with which corrected refractive defects of myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism or combined defects, even up to high diopter levels.
Myopia is also called short vision. This is a condition that occurs when light entering the eye is focused incorrectly, causing distant objects to appear blurred. It is a type of refractive error of the eye.
Causes:
Myopia occurs when there is a discrepancy between the focusing power and the length of the eye. The rays of light focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it, so it looks blurry.
It affects both men and women and is more common in people with a short-sighted family history.
Symtoms:
A person with myopia clearly sees nearby objects, but objects at a distance are blurred.
It occurs frequently in early ages, for example a child has difficulty reading the classroom chalkboard but a book can see clearly and without any problem.
The disease worsens over time, so people with this condition change their lenses frequently.
Treatment:
The most common treatment is the use of contact lenses or glasses, but Lasik ™ surgery is the most effective and safe since an excimer laser is used to flatten the cornea and change the focus
Unlike myopia, farsightedness is when you have difficulty seeing nearby objects while for distant there is no problem.
Causes:
It is the result of the visual image that is focused behind the retina, instead of being directly on it. It can be caused by the fact that the eyeball is too small or that the focusing power is too weak.
It is usually present from birth, but the children's eye has a very flexible lens that helps them compensate for the problem.
Symtoms:
o Eye pain
o Blurred view of nearby objects
o Cross-eyed or crossed eyes (strabismus)
o Eye Fatigue
o Headache when reading
Treatment:
Farsightedness can be easily corrected with the use of glasses or contact lenses. Surgery is available to correct hyperopia in adults and can be used for those who do not want to wear glasses or contact lenses.
Strabismus is a visual problem that causes eyes not to be properly aligned and point in different directions. One eye can look forward while the other eye is turned inward, outward, upward or downward. The twist of the eye can be consistent or it can come and go. Correct alignment can swap or alternate from one eye to the other.
Causes:
The six muscles of the eye that control eye movement are attached to the outside of each eye. In each eye, one muscle moves the eye to the right and one to the left. The other four muscles move the eye up or down, and at an angle.
A cataract or an injury to the eye that affects the vision can cause strabismus. However, a large majority of children with strabismus do not have any of these problems. Many have a family history of the disease.
Symtoms:
The main symptom of strabismus is the incorrect alignment of an eye. Occasionally, children with strabismus will squint one eye at the presence of sunlight, or tilt their heads to use both eyes.
Adults who develop strabismus tend to have double vision because their brains have already learned to receive images from both eyes and can not ignore the image of the deviated eye. Usually, a child does not see double since as he is learning he learns to omit one of the double images.
Treatment:
Treatment for strabismus focuses on correcting alignment of the eyes and restoring binocular vision (vision with both eyes). In some cases of strabismus, glasses may be prescribed to help correct the alignment of the child's eyes. Other treatments may require surgery to correct imbalance of the eye muscles or to remove a cataract. The use of a patch, or blurring the strong eye are techniques often used to improve amblyopia.
In some cases, strabismus in children and adults may be treated with eyeglasses, prisms, patches or blurring the vision of an eye, injections of botulinum toxin, or a combination of these treatments. At other times, surgery of the eye muscles is necessary to align the eyes.